Comparing coverage in two different Newspapers Essay

The occurrence shrouded in the two articles I have contemplated was a train fire in the Austrian ski resort of Kaprun on Saturday eleventh November 2000. The main article I took a gander at was in the newspaper paper the Sunday Express. The second article I took a gander at was in the broadsheet paper the Observer. The two articles were fundamentally the same as yet had a few contrasts. Both the articles underlined that British individuals were among those that had kicked the bucket. The Sunday Express said â€Å"Britons among 170 victims† and The Observer said â€Å"Britons among 170 dead† The Observer additionally expressed that youngsters kicked the bucket â€Å"Children among victims†. Albeit the two articles secured a similar subject and appeared to stress the enormity of the disaster, they had various methodologies, The Sunday Express’ article was sentimentalist and over emotive â€Å"†¦ inferno as it tore through carriages† The Observers article was a more quiet and progressively succinct report â€Å"†¦ and, inside a couple of moments, nearly everybody on board was dead. † The articles both contained comparable verifiable data. In the Article in the Sunday Express, realities were interwoven with sentiments and emotive language. â€Å"†¦ immersing voyagers in temperatures of up to 1,000 degrees Centigrade. † The Observer had some emotive language however appeared to keep the realities separate â€Å"†¦ which arrived at temperatures of more than 1,000 C† The main error between the two articles was over the underlying reason for the fire. The Sunday Express met a link vehicle specialized master Klaus Einsenkolb. â€Å"He said†¦ that either a short out in the batteries or the likelihood that somebody had begun it with an exposed fire was more likely,† This was their solitary reference to the reason for the discharge. The Observer had a wide range of explanations about the reason for the fire. â€Å"Yesterday’s fire is accepted to have started†¦after one of the links that pull the train up the mountain snapped, evidently beginning the blaze† They additionally had an announcement from the neighborhood organization Gletscherbahn Kaprun who possessed the train. â€Å"†Due to a fire in the passage there was a shorting in the electrical circuit, subsequently causing the train†¦ to burst into flames. â€Å"† They additionally talked with Klaus Einsenkolb, however expressed nothing about his assessments of what caused the fire as in The Sunday Express. The two articles utilized comparable language, however The Sunday Express utilized progressively emotive varieties of language to put over a similar point. The Sunday Express said â€Å"†¦ the nerve racking assignment today of distinguishing 170 youthful skiers consumed alive† The Observer focused on what's relevant, in any case, some sentimentalist language was utilized. â€Å"†¦ 170 individuals were killed yesterday when a fire†¦ immersed an Austrian funicular train† The Sunday Express sensationalized the episode by utilizing words like â€Å"inferno† and â€Å"disaster† over and again all through their report. This made a state of mind in the article, communicating how horrible this catastrophe was. Regardless of The Observer being a broadsheet paper, their article additionally utilized this sort of language, for example, â€Å"inferno† and â€Å"tragedy†. I think this likewise was utilized to make the state of mind. The hidden inclination in The Observers report was that this occurrence could have been forestalled or its results diminished, had their been satisfactory security measures and better upkeep. â€Å"†¦ Manfred Muller, security chief for the railroad, conceded that there had been no crisis putting out fires hardware in the passage, or on the train† The journalist’s utilization of â€Å"admitted† in this sentence underpins his perspectives that wellbeing precautionary measures were deficient. In the wake of perusing this article the peruser was left with the impression it was only an awful mishap. â€Å"Yesterdays fiasco was the subsequent catastrophe to hit Kitzsteinhorn this year. † â€Å"†¦ reported a criminal examination concerning the disaster. † No fault appeared to be pointed at anybody in this article. The Sunday Express’ article contained numerous meetings and remarks from individuals engaged with the episode. The majority of the individuals met were authorities connected with the mishap, as Norbert Karlsboeck, the town city hall leader of Kaprun, and Franz Schausberger the Salzburg representative. â€Å"Mr Karlsboeck stated: â€Å"I didn't understand the full degree of the catastrophe†Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Salzburg senator Franz Schausberger stated: â€Å"I have pronounced a day of grieving. We can assume that everybody still ready the train is dead. â€Å"† They were remarking on their sentiments about the episode. Klaus Eisenkolb, a link vehicle specialist who chipped away at the arranging of the line was likewise met and discussed his opinion of the event of this episode and what could have caused it. One observer and one survivor were additionally cited. The Observer had less individuals met, however had interviews with family members and witnesses. They likewise had an announcement from the organization who possessed the train, Gletscherbahn Kaprun, who remarked on their sentiments about this occurrence. â€Å"In an announcement, the organization stated: ‘We and the entire town of Kaprun are in grieving. ‘† A unidentified man whose child had gone skiing that day, and an elder were additionally met. This gave the article a progressively close to home feel, as the peruser felt that they could identify with the individuals who’s lives had been influenced by this thus comprehend the catastrophe better. The design of these reports was altogether different. Article I had a huge intense feature on the title page saying â€Å"INFERNO† in capital letters, to draw people’s consideration. There was additionally an enormous delineation of one of the survivors with a subtitle. There was then a twofold page spread. On the primary side of the twofold spread was a draw quote in enormous strong letters â€Å"There’s no expectation left, the vapor were only terrible† close to another delineation of a survivor with a subtitle. This would likewise get people groups consideration; the peruser may take a gander at the photos and afterward need to peruse on. Under the title was a graph of the mountainside with text calling attention to where the occasions occurred. This was very straightforward and gave the essential data. Inside that chart was another graph demonstrating where Kaprun was in setting to Austria and afterward to the remainder of Europe. The content was in segments around these outlines. The twofold page was part into three squares of text, an individual report began the subsequent page composed by Greg Swift, a continuation of the main article by David Dillon, and afterward an extra report: â€Å"Rising tide of Alpine tragedies†. The Observer had a medium measured feature â€Å"Inferno in the Alps† in striking letters. Underneath was an enormous outline of a survivor (equivalent to in article 1) with an inscription. The article was begun with two huge visual cues, which would catch the reader’s eye. There was then a little graph of where in Austria the occurrence occurred, and where it was corresponding to Europe. The article was again written in segments. It at that point also went to a twofold page. The feature on this twofold page â€Å"A couple of breaths and they were lost† was likewise a draw quote, keeping the perusers consideration. There was a square of pictures with cites in the top focus of the pages indicating the salvage group, survivors and their families, and the train. This was extremely powerful. The square of pictures would truly draw in the reader’s consideration, asking them to peruse the article. There was an enormous chart indicating an image of the mountainside and where the passage was, and afterward a graph of the genuine train, appearing in steps what occurred and when. This outline was clear, demonstrating precisely what occurred in an effectively justifiable manner. The twofold page was again part into segments of text. There was the principle report by Denis Staunton, and afterward two littler reports. One was by Jason Burke telling how previous British Olympic skier Martin Bell expected that a portion of his companions could have been on the train. This connected the occurrence back to this nation and how it influenced individuals here. The other was by Anthony Browne, discussing stresses over what number of late terrible mishaps have happened in the Alps. I imagine that the article that clarified what occurred and recommended the full ghastliness of this occurrence all the more adequately was the article from The Observer. I felt that the manner by which it was composed figured out how to make a harmony between putting over the realities yet at the same time communicating the loathsomeness of the disaster. I think in light of the fact that the realities were not obfuscated with conclusions, they were more obvious. I believed that the twofold page spread was especially successful. The photos were more clear and pulled in the reader’s consideration. The outline immediately page was clear and straightforward. It demonstrated precisely what occurred in stages, with data about the mountain and the passage. I additionally believed that the feature â€Å"Inferno in the Alps† on the first page was extremely powerful. It gave enough data for you to realize what had occurred yet was short enough for the peruser to peruse initially. I felt that The Sunday Express’ article was increasingly hard to comprehend as there were less realities and the composing was exceptionally stubborn. Additionally on the grounds that there were less meetings with individuals who were legitimately influenced by the occurrence, for example, survivors, and family members of casualties, it wasn’t as simple to identify with that article. There was less content all in all, as a great part of the space was taken up by huge representations and features. In spite of the fact that the articles appeared to be comparative they had contrasts which despite the fact that may not be radically obvious I felt they had a major effect to the adequacy and accomplishment of the articles

British War :: essays research papers

!! YOU ARE THERE !!      The most significant occasion in U.S. History as I would like to think would be Washington’s escape from the British Army at New York. This occasion changed the course of U.S. History since it was the nearest the development for opportunity came to being squashed.      It all began when Washington and his military were hanging tight for the British on Long Island. He anticipated that the British should dispatch a full frontal attack. He didn't see his flanks, and was intensely delved in. This would be the place the U.S. crushed the British for good, or kicked the bucket attempting.      Unfortunately the British didn't come up the front; they rather propelled a little frontal assault while sending men to the flank. Washington’s armed force nestled into, had no spot to go, and this was the end for the United States. By one way or another however the British didn’t press the assault and Washington figured out how to sneak off the island around evening time without the Red Coats seeing him.      I picked the clash of Long Island since it was the place America was spared from the edge of debacle. In the event that Washington had neglected to get the Army off around evening time, or the British had squeezed the assault, poof, no America. It might have not been the bloodiest, it might not have been the most energizing, however it surely was the most significant date in American History      In my supposition Samual Adams was the most significant man in American history. There might be a ton of men that are better known, yet they all came on account of the incredible riffraff rouser himself. Without men like Sammy there would have been no American Revolution.      In Boston Samual Adams was one of the persuasive individuals that began the Son’s of Liberty. Without them no one would have taken the counterweight from a British boat, or attacked Fort William-Mary. On the off chance that those hadn’t been taken the British would have never walked on Lexington and Concord, and the Revolutionary war would not have occurred.      Maybe he was a man of occurrence, or perhaps he recognized what he was doing, yet anyway you take a gander at it Sam Adams was a major part in America picking up its freedom.

First Year Academic Merit Scholarships Awarded - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

First Year Academic Merit Scholarships Awarded - UGA Undergraduate Admissions First Year Academic Merit Scholarships Awarded Over the last several weeks the Admissions staff has carefully reviewed all our newly admitted First Year students to consider them for University of Georgia academic merit scholarships. (See the list and our discussion of merit and need-based aid at our website, https://admissions.uga.edu/article/scholarships-at-uga.html.) Virtually all scholarships available through Admissions have now been awarded, and we have contacted each of the recipients. At UGA, academic merit scholarships have become increasingly competitive.This is mainly due to the limited funding we have for these awards and the high number of extremely capable students who now gain University of Georgia admission. Nonetheless, we have somewhat increased the total number of these scholarships this year. For example, this year we inaugurated the Classic Scholarships which are offered to academically superior out-of-state first year students. At this point, if you have not received notice that you have an academic merit scholarship to attend UGA, it is highly unlikely you will receive an offer of one from us in Admissions. We are still finalizing a literal handful of specialized scholarships attached to very specific guidelines set by the generous donors who provide their funding. You can see if you have been awarded a UGA scholarship by checking your online application Status Check. Also, some UGA academic departments may also be awarding some scholarships which will not be reflected in the Status Check. If you have been selected for any of our Academic Merit awards, congratulations! Please be sure to read your offer letter carefully. Keep it for your records. In this letter you will see what requirements you must maintain to renew your scholarship each succeeding year and, in general, how much the scholarship is worth in relation to your overall costs. The UGA Office of Student Financial Aidmay also need to send you a revised Award letter if your scholarship was awarded after their preliminary awards were released.

Summary Of Eveline By James Joyce - 960 Words

In 1914 James Joyce wrote a short story called â€Å"Eveline.† The story is about a young girl who wants have freedom and happiness. Also for someone to be there and love her. Eveline is faced with a difficult decision of staying with a family that has practically already fallen apart, or leaving with her future husband, Frank. Eveline lives in a place called Dublin with what is left of her family. Eveline has a big family with brothers and sisters, but one her brothers passed. His name was Ernest and the narrator said â€Å"Ernest had been [Eveline’s] favorite.† Another brother that had been mentioned in the story is Harry. Harry no longer lives at home. 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Dubliners consists of 15 stories and each of them unfolds lives of many different Dubliners vividly. By describing details of ordinary life and characters inner life, which is described by their interior monologue, Joyce succeeds in showing the realistic landscapeRead MoreMiss1743 Words   |  7 PagesDubliners Dubliners is a collection of 15 short stories by James Joyce, first published in 1914. The fifteen stories were meant to be a naturalistic depiction of the Irish middle class life in and around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century. The stories were written at the time when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and a search for a national identity and purpose was raging; at a crossroads of history and culture, Ireland was jolted by various converging ideas and influences. They centre

Biography of Thomas A. Becket - 513 Words

A Saracen princess followed a wealthy crusader from the Holy Land to London. In 1118 Thomas Becket was born on St. Thomas day. Thomas Becket came from a loving family and was very educated. Thomas Becket attended the canons regular a Merton Priority in Sussex, and then attended the University of Paris. When Becket returned home from college his parents had passed away. Thomas Becket was then urged to make his way through life with no aid from anyone and a better future. Anyone that knows Thomas Becket knows him as a strongly built and very spirited young man. Becket also loved to play field sports which he spent most of his spare time hawking and hunting. At the age of twenty- four Thomas Becket was given a post in the house hold Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury. While working there Thomas took minor orders he resolved on a career in the church. For further learning Becket received permission to study canon law at the University of Bologna, then continuing his studies at Auxerre, F rance. When Thomas Becket returned to England he became provost of Beverly, and canon at Lincoln and St. Paul’s cathedrals. In 1154 Becket ordination as deacon occurred, Theobald appointed him archdeacon of Canterbury. Becket was appointed the highest religious in office after a bishopric or an abbacy. He then was appointed with more complex affairs; he was sent on several important missions to Rome. Also later on in 1154 Henry II became king. Around the same time Thomas Becket received a bigShow MoreRelatedEssay on Biography of St Thomas Becket2129 Words   |  9 PagesSt Thomas Becket (December 21, 1118 – December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170. He engaged in a conflict with King Henry II over the rights and privileges of the Church and was assassinated by followers of the king in Canterbury Cathedral. Life before his consecration Thomas Becket (also known as Thomas à   Becket, although many people consider this incorrect)[1] was born in London sometime between 1115 and 1120, though most authorities agree that he was born DecemberRead More Nature v. Nurture in Mark Twains Puddnhead Wilson and Those Extraordinary Twins2229 Words   |  9 Pagessociety because lacked education, family traditions, morals, and both family and societies values. His birthright excluded him from the environment and only `society he felt comfortable. Two babies, Valet de Chambers, born into slavery and Thomas a` Becket Driscoll, born into societys elite, born the same day, switched at birth to different environments, change their lives forever. Though `nature versus nurture will continue to be a debate for years to come, other factors need to be includedRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer : The Father Of English Literature2002 Words   |  9 Pagespublic service to earn a living and pay off his agglomerate of debt. Geoffrey Chaucer was considered to be one of the greatest writers or poets of all time. â€Å"His major works have retained their relevancy even in the college classroom of today, (Biography)†. â€Å"Perhaps the chief characteristics of Chaucer’s works are their variety in subject matter, genre, tone, and style and in the complexities presented concerning the human pursuit of a sensible existence, (Encyclopedia Britannica)†. Chaucer alsoRead MoreEssay on The Canterbury3492 Words   |  14 PagesThe Canterbury The Canterbury Tales begins with the introduction of each of the pilgrims making their journey to Canterbury to the shrine of Thomas a Becket. These pilgrims include a Knight, his son the Squire, the Knights Yeoman, a Prioress, a Second Nun, a Monk, a Friar, a Merchant, a Clerk, a Man of Law, a Franklin, a Weaver, a Dyer, a Carpenter, a Tapestry-Maker, a Haberdasher, a Cook, a Shipman, a Physician, a Parson, a Miller, a Manciple, a Reeve, a Summoner, a Pardoner, the Wife of

Strategic Perspectives Free Essays

string(236) " to offer similar value with a lower price; differentiation, achieved by a company when it offers benefits different from and of more value than those of its competitors; and, focus on either of the two \(Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004\)\." 1.0 Executive summary Since 2008, a number of human rights issues such as poor working conditions and mishandling/abuse of staff have become a great concern for Zara resulting in PR crises. This report identifies and critically analyses Zara’s stakeholder issues employing key concepts such as the stakeholder theory, organizational ethics, CSR concepts and reputation management concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Perspectives or any similar topic only for you Order Now It proposes better handling of ethical and governance issues and their institution in the organization’s corporate culture. This report also evaluates Zara’s levels of strategy focusing at two levels; the business and corporate level. Corporate strategy entails the pursuit of three generic strategies towards competitive advantage including cost leadership, differentiation, or a focus on either of the two. Zara is identified to pursue a hybrid strategy simultaneously pursuing both cost leadership and differentiation in its numerous strategic choices. With regard to corporate level strategy which focuses on the organization’s overall scope, Zara has adopted a growth strategy pursuing vertical integration, market development, market penetration and product development strategies in its endeavour to sustain its growth and strategic positioning. This report concludes by evaluating the various strategies it suggests for their sustainability, acceptability and feasibility and therefore potential benefit to the company and capacity for implementation. 2.0 Issues affecting the image of the company A number of issues have impacted Zara since 2008 resulting to what can be referred to as PR crises which have become a great concern for the company in its strategic positioning as it looks forward into the future (Inditex, 2013). This report employs a critical application of organizational ethics theory, CSR concepts, stakeholder applications and reputations management concepts in the identification and analysis of these stakeholder issues. These concepts are however limited by their lack of clear and decisive methods through they can be utilized effectively to develop standards (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). Notable among the crises was the human rights concerns with regard to Zara’s operations in 2011 and testimonies by Zara staff of abuse and terror meted against them later in 2012. In the former instance, the company was accused of employing suppliers in its outsourced production strategy who were running sweat shops, an accusation which subsequently led to the closure of one of its factories over poor labour conditions. The company agreed to these accusations taking the position that the misdeeds pointed out amounted to a serious breach to its code of conduct (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). In the latter instance, testimonies and claims of abuse and terror meted on 25 of Zara’s employees, including store managers and staff, were aired in the media. The company undertook to regularize such situations through the enhancement of supervision of the production systems of its entire network of suppliers (Economist, 2012). 2.1 Stakeholder theory The Stakeholder theory states that, without regard to the fact that some stakeholders would make more contributions to the organization, all stakeholders are entitled to equal treatment (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). Stakeholders include individuals, organizations or groups that have legitimate interest in the business and who therefore affect or are affected by its actions (Nordberg, 2011). With crises and concerns over abuses of human rights, Zara’s corporate reputation and brand equity was hard hit giving it the image of a business entity which neither places sufficient importance to the needs of its stakeholders nor regard to them (Economist, 2012; Buelens, et al., 2011). With the interdependence between the company and its stakeholders, it is essential for an organization, in the recognition of the needs of its stakeholders, to act and reason rationally as well as to make ethical responses. The organization’s leadership is required to have the desire, will and the skill that will ensure that all stakeholders are treated with respect and their voices heard (Buelens, et al., 2011). 2.2 Corporate social responsibility Among the ways in which corporate entities may shore up their reputation and image as perceived by its stakeholders is through conformance and adherence to ethical principles (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). A notable avenue is the pursuit of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) which is a mechanism integrated into business processes and an organization’s business model that ensures that ethical principles and provisions in law are complied with and monitored (Nordberg, 2011; Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). It entails the deliberate attempts by an organization to do good as a corporate citizen in reciprocation of goodwill it enjoys from society. For success in ensuring adherence to ethical principles and in the endeavour to build up its corporate image and reputation, Zara needs to institute mechanisms towards CSR that would also serve to guide its mission towards a better relationship with its stakeholders, outline its stand on such issues and as well clearly indicate the promis es it intends to uphold for society as an entity obtaining its sustenance within society (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). 2.3 Organizational ethics Organizational ethics is a concept that expresses the values of an organization to its stakeholders (Dricscoll and Hoffman, 2002). It includes written codes of ethics or standards such as Zara’s â€Å"Code of Conduct for External Manufacturers and Workshops of Inditex† which it claims to have had (Inditex, 2013); systems of reporting which are guarded with confidentiality; as well as ethics training and advice (Buelens, et al., 2011). Despite its claims of written codes of conduct, it is evident that they were not complied with, respected and adhered to. For its success in entrenching organizational ethics, Zara should endeavour to institute elaborate systems traversing the entire organization and its partners that enable the maintenance of requisite ethical standards (Nordberg, 2011). 3.0 Zara’s levels of strategy 3.1 Business level strategy of Zara The primary aim of a business in the competitive business environment, underpinning its goals and objectives of sustenance and growth, is to develop an edge over rival firms building on its resources and competencies. Porter fronts three generic strategies which a company can employ in its pursuit of competitive advantage over its rivals (Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004). They include cost leadership, in which a company seeks to offer similar value with a lower price; differentiation, achieved by a company when it offers benefits different from and of more value than those of its competitors; and, focus on either of the two (Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004). You read "Strategic Perspectives" in category "Essay examples" A company can pursue a hybrid of both strategies simultaneously, achieving differentiation and a price lower than its rivals. Zara pursues a hybrid strategy seeking to exploit both cost leadership and differentiation strategies. Its closest and most comparable rivals challenging its market presence and competitive advantage include Gap, HM and Benetton though Zara sits closest with HM in the more fashionable and less priced segment. Zara is however considered to be more fashionable among the three, a position the company intends to sustain and exploit (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). Its strategic venture into the low-cost segment through its Lefties brand of stores illustrates its pursuit of a clear cost leadership strategy enabling Zara to tap into lower market segments meeting the need of customers in the current harsh economic times (Inditex, 2013). This ensures that the company is still better placed to sustain its growth and profits even with unfavourable shifts in the economy and consumer spending. However, Zara primarily pursues a differentiation strategy through significant focus on competitive strategies that enhance overall efficiency in its entire value chain (Economist, 2012; Inditex, 2013). Zara’s value chain, which is often tweaked to enhance efficiency and performance, is a major platform upon which the company derives its differentiation from rivals. Enhanced efficiency is enabled by vertical integration and therefore control of crucial processes; employment of technology to coordinate suppliers, production and distribution processes; outsourcing of intensive tasks; as well as its finely-tuned logistics and just-in-time manufacturing strategy which shorten response time and enable the achievement of greater flexibility in variety, frequency and amount of new styles produced (Economist, 2012; Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). The constant refinement of operations in pursuit of continuous efficiency gains including leveraging on technology to enhance crucial production processes has enabled the company to reverse the trend of costs rising faster than revenues. Enhanced efficiency and attendant effectiveness lead to the minimization of costly errors, reduction in costs which consequently enables the enhancement of bottom line and price (Inditex, 2013; Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). Zara also derives its differentiation from its effective market intelligence and focus on continuous awareness and understanding of the customer. Customer feedback through personalized ‘word-of-mouth’ interactions with staff at store level used to assess their preferences and wants is used to guide design and development, as well as other essential improvements (Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). Unlike its competitor’s reliance on electronic consumer data, this has enabled quick turnaround of merchan dise through quicker replenishment of popular items and removal of slow-selling lines enabling Zara to generate more cash, reduce inventory and eliminate the need for significant debt on held inventories which has a direct impact on costs (Inditex, 2013; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009). These strategies and the resultant efficiency have enabled the company to achieve enhanced return visits by customers far greater than the industry average on several indices, a significant competitive advantage (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). They have also enabled Zara to incur significantly less expenditure on advertising with the saved revenue being redeployed to enhance competitive advantage (Inditex, 2013). 3.2 Corporate level strategy Corporate level strategy as the highest level of strategy in an organization is concerned with the overall scope, seeking to add value to constituent businesses/ elements within the entire organization (Lynch, R., 2006). In its pursuit of competitive advantage in the hostile business environment characterized by intense competition and economic challenges, Zara has adopted a growth focus in its corporate strategy. This is evidenced by its pursuit of vertical integration, market penetration, market development and product development strategies in an attempt to sustain its growth and strategic positioning in the fashion industry (Lynch, R., 2006; Inditex, 2013). Guiding these strategic decisions and particular choices, the Ansoff matrix highlights scenarios in consideration of the existence or newness of products or markets (Christodoulou and Patel, 2012; Mintzberg, et al., 2008). Existing productNew product Existing marketMarket penetrationProduct development New marketMarket developmentDiversification Ansoff matrix 3.2.1 Market penetration and market development Zara is hindered by constraints resultant from its Spain-centred model, a major weakness in its endeavour to sustain growth and to maintain its strategic positioning (BloombergBusinessweek, 2009; Economist, 2012). An outward focus towards market development is essential. This has necessitated international expansion and the exploitation of untapped markets including North and South America, Asia, Middle East, Africa and the rest of Europe, particularly Italy. Enabled by the construction of additional distribution facilities in Zaragoza, Spain and in South America, as well as the upward scaling of its logistics processes to enable the realization of economies of scale in the strategic expansion, the company has spread out into Asia, America, Australia, India and Africa (BloombergBusinessweek, 2009; Economist, 2012). The company has also sought to achieve market penetration in its development of virtual stores, tapping into the opportunities in internet retailing and marketing through online stores and boutiques. Available in ten countries and seeking entry into the USA and Korea, the company has since 2010 sought to exploit this model venturing into this field (Inditex, 2013; Economist, 2012). 3.2.2Product development For a company to survive and grow in the fast changing fashion industry, it is essential that a business keenly enhances product development, matching or beating its rivals in output and production of new items. Zara has endeavoured to maximize its throughput of new items keeping merchandise in stores always new and fresh. This frequency, enabled by just-in-time manufacturing and focus on limited runs, also ensures that products do not stay long enough risking replication or imitation (Inditex, 2013; Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). The active pursuit of market intelligence and awareness and appreciation of customer preference ensures that the company does not become complacent and unresponsive thereby losing its track in the fast changing and intensely competitive industry (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007; Thompson, et al., 2008). 3.2.3 Vertical integration To enhance control of the entire business and its processes, achieve stability of production and thereby strengthen its competitive position, Zara has pursued vertical integration strategies. These include forward integration through the investment in distribution facilities and specialty stores, as well as backward into production and manufacturing facilities. Zara has also developed subsidiaries that manage its purchases of fabric and dyes (Inditex, 2013). The company has undertaken this strategy in an endeavour to minimize its exposure to expensive distributors and suppliers and the inefficiency attendant to the lack of complete control of especially crucial processes. 4.0 Recommendations Zara in its performance and strategic positioning can be considered to be a success. However, the company cannot afford complacency and should endeavour to maintain its competitiveness and to sustain its position in the fashion industry into the future. At its strategic position and level of maturity and given the slow growth of the fashion industry and attendant economic challenges (Economist, 2012; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009), a number of strategies are suggested for Zara to pursue for its sustenance into the future. Among these strategies is Diversification either into a business that also deals in fashion or to an unrelated field adding value and broadening present business. Also recommended is the strengthening and sustenance of its successful strategies such as efficiency in its entire value chain which has been the primary factor that has enabled its differentiation; Market Development in its international expansion and exploitation of new markets; and Market Penetration in the exploitation of the boom in the information technology field, enhancing its virtual platforms and stores. Such ventures have the potential of being important avenues through which the company can acquire additional revenue, as well as, reducing its exposure to vulnerabilities of its centralized model and complete focus on a single line of business. 5.0 Evaluation of strategies A simple and straightforward criteria used to evaluate strategy is the Suitability, Acceptability and Feasibility model (SAF). It offers a process of rationalization to assess importance, priority and likely success of each strategy identified (Haberberg, A., and A., Rieple, 2008; Thompson, et al., 2008). This report evaluates two strategies identified above including: diversification and continued market development. 5.1 Suitability Suitability is concerned with the rationale of the strategy and its overall fit in the organization’s mission (Thompson, et al., 2008). At the company’s level of maturation, with regard to the Industry Life Cycle (ILC), and stature in the fashion industry, diversification is highly recommended as a priority strategy given that its strong competitive position in the fashion industry is constrained by slowed growth in the market. This strategy would enable the broadening of present business to include complementary products (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). Continued market development is also recommended for Zara enabling it to tap into new markets enhancing its growth and ensuring its sustainability. These strategies would generally also enable the company to lower its vulnerabilities to financial and political factors that could affect it given its centralized model, as well as risks attendant to the fashion industry (Economist, 2012; Mintzberg, et al., 2008). 5.2 Acceptability Acceptability deals with the expected outcomes of the implementation of strategy and expectations of stakeholders (Thompson, et al., 2008). Diversification, if pursued, would enable the capturing of cross-business strategic fits such as the creation of new competitive strengths and capabilities, the sharing of facilities to reduce costs, and/or the spreading of risks across diverse businesses (Christodoulou and Patel, 2012). Market Development and entry into new territories/geographical areas and distribution channels enable the company to exploit markets that are not saturated, utilising its surplus production capacity. These strategies would enable the generation of additional revenue and the securing of shareholder interests which contribute to the enhancement of shareholder value (Carpenter and Sanders, 2007). They would also reduce risks due to Zara’s centralized mode of operations. 5.3 Feasibility Feasibility is concerned with the capacity of the organization to implement the strategy, especially focusing on the availability of resources (Thompson, et al., 2008). With Zara’s success in the fashion industry and, consequently, availability of adequate financial and organizational resources, as well as the consideration of the diminishing prospects of growth in the fashion industry (Economist, 2012; BloombergBusinessweek, 2009), diversification should be a priority strategy for Zara. Its surplus financial and organizational resources can be exploited to enable the company’s sustenance and growth. These surplus resources can also be utilized in pursuit of Market Development. Its highly efficient distribution system can be scaled up, such as in its present initiative to develop additional distribution facilities (Inditex, 2013), to build the company’s capacity to exploit the opportunity offered. Zara has successfully found activities that matter to customers and has significantly enhanced key activities enhancing its key activities. However, to sustain this strategic position and achieve necessary growth into the future, the company needs to pursue appropriate strategies as outlined above especially diversification, market development and the continuous pursuit of efficiency gains. 6.0 References BloombergBusinessweek, 2009. Zara Looks to Asia for Growth. August 26 Buelens, M., K., Sinding, C., Waldstrom, R., Kreitner, and A., Kinicki, 2011. Organisational Behaviour, 4th Edition: McGrawHill Higher Education Carpenter, M., and W., Sanders, 2007. Strategic Management: A Dynamic Perspective. Harlow: Pearson Prentice Hall Dricscoll, D., and W., Hoffman, 2002. Ethics Matters: How to Implement Values-Driven Management Economist, 2012. Inditex Fashion forward Zara: Spain’s most successful brand, is trying to go global. Mar 24th. LA CORUNA Haberberg, A., and A., Rieple, 2008. Strategic Management: Theory and Application, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Inditex, 2013. Zara. Viewed from: http://www.inditex.com/en/who_we_are/concepts/zara Kim, Nam and Stimpert, 2004. â€Å"The Applicability of Porter’s Generic Strategies in the Digital Age: Assumptions, Conjectures, and Suggestions.† In: Journal of Management, 30, 5 Lynch, R., 2006. Corporate Strategy, (4th ed.), Harlow: FT Prentice Hall Mintzberg, H., B., Ahlstrand, and J., Lampel, 2008. Strategy Safari: The Complete Guide Through the Wilds of Strategic Management , 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall Nordberg, D., 2011. Corporate Governance: Principles and Issues. London: Sage Publications. Christodoulou, I., and Z., Patel 2012. BKEY 601 Strategic Perspectives, McGraw Hill editions. Thompson, A., A., Strickland, and J., Gamble, 2008. Crafting and Executing Strategy: (16th edition), Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill How to cite Strategic Perspectives, Essay examples

Franchisingfuture1 Essay Example For Students

Franchisingfuture1 Essay A franchise, by definition is a legal agreement that allows one organization with a product, idea, name or trademark to grant certain rights and information about operating a business to an independent business owner. In return, the business owner (franchisee) pays a fee and royalties to the owner. This one-time fee paid by the franchisee to the franchisor is referred to as a franchise fee. The fee pays for the business concept, rights to use trademarks, management assistance and other services from the franchisor. This fee gives the franchisee the right to open and operate a business using the franchisor’s business ideas and products. A royalty fee is a continuous fee paid by the franchisee to the franchisor. The royalty fee is usually a percentage of the gross revenue earned by the franchisee. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) is authorized by the United States Congress to regulate the franchise business.(1) The Federal Trade Commission oversees the implementation of the Fr anchise Trade Rule, which requires that franchisors disclose all pertinent information to potential buyers of a franchise, and monitors the activities of franchisors. There are four basic types of franchises used by businesses in the United States. Product Franchise: Manufacturers use the product franchise to govern how a retailer distributes their product.(2) The manufacturer grants a storeowner the authority to distribute goods by the manufacturer and allows the owner to use the name and trademark owned by the manufacturer. The storeowner must pay a fee or purchase a minimum inventory of stock in return for these rights. An example of this type of franchise is a tire store. Manufacturing Franchise: These types of franchises provide an organization with the right to manufacture a product and sell it to the public, using the franchisor’s name and trademark.(3) This type of franchise is found most often in the food and beverage industry. Most bottlers of soft drinks receive a franchise from a company and must use its ingredients to produce, bottle, and distribute the soft drinks. Business Opportunity Ventures: These ventures typically require that a business owner purchase and distribute the products for one specific company.(4) The company must provide customers or accounts to the business owner, and, in return, the business owner pays a fee or other consideration as compensation. Examples include vending machine routes and distributorships. Business Format Franchising: This is the most popular form of franchising. In this approach, a company provides a business owner with a proven method for operating a business using the name and trademark of the company.(5) The company will usually provide a significant amount of assistance to the business owners in starting and managing the company. The business owner pays a fee or royalty in return. Typically, a company also requires the owner to purchase supplies from the company. One of the main benefits of franc hising is lower risk. Most business experts agree that a franchise operation has a lower risk of failure than an independent business. A reason for this is that the product or service is already established. A franchisor offers a product or service that has sold successfully. An independent business is based on both an untried idea and operation. Three factors will help you to predict the potential success of a franchise. The first is the number of franchises that are in operation. The second predictor is how long the franchisor and its franchisees have been in operation. A third factor is the number of franchises that have failed; including those bought back by the franchisor.(6) Another benefit of franchising is a large degree of assistance. The most difficult aspect of a new business is start up. Few experienced managers know about how to set up a new business because they only do it a few times. However, a franchisor has a great deal of experience accumulated from helping its fr anchisees with start up. This experience will help reduce mistakes that are costly in both money and time. Assistance is usually offered once the initial start up is completed. For instance, a franchisor will provide management assistance, such as accounting procedures, personnel management, facility management, etc. Marketing assistance is typically offered as well. A franchisor can prepare and pay for the development of professional advertising campaigns. Regional or national marketing done by the franchisor benefits all franchisees.(7) In addition, the franchisor can provide advice about how to develop effective marketing programs for a local area. This benefit usually has a cost because many franchisors require franchisees to contribute a percentage of their gross income to a co-operative marketing fund. The benefits of purchasing a franchise explain why more than 50,000 franchise opportunities exist in the United States. However, this compares to almost 14 million independent b usinesses.(8) There are obviously reasons why not everyone chooses the franchise option. One major drawback to starting a franchise is the initial franchise fee. This can range from a few thousand to several hundred thousand dollars. There are two critical matters that affect your decision about buying a franchise. These are whether you can afford the franchise fee and if you can expect a reasonable return on investment. Franchisors also will typically require a franchise to pay continuous royalty fees. The fees are a percentage of the gross income from the business. Usually the royalty fee is less than ten percent.(9) Some franchisees begin to resent the royalty fees after several years because they have developed experience and built a strong customer base. This success often results in a feeling that the business could continue without the assistance of the franchisor. Besides the royalty fee, franchisors often require a cooperative marketing payment as well. There are other cost s involved that are not financial. One example is the conformity to standard operating procedures. It is important to understand that for most franchisors, there is just one way to do things, and it is their way. Success results from proven methods of operation, so the franchisor does not want any variations. A franchisee can become frustrated when he or she believes that there is a better way to do things. The inability to make changes readily is also a problem with franchises. A franchisor may prohibit selling products or services other than those approved by the franchisor. These restrictions are difficult to follow when you believe that there is strong customer demand for a new or different product. There is often a method for making suggestions, but this can sometimes be cumbersome and time-consuming. The franchisee is subject to decisions made in the central office of the franchisor. As a franchisee, you must be willing to limit your independence as an entrepreneur.(9) The Fra nchise Agreement forms the foundation of the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchise agreement incorporates all the obligations of the franchisor and franchisee, the rules governing the way the business is conducted, as well as the conditions under which either party may terminate the agreement. It must anticipate all possible difficulties that may arise during the term of the agreement. This agreement is legally binding.(10) Every line of this document should be scrutinized before any commitment is made. Indeed, it is not only advisable but also essential that professional advice is sought. An experienced franchise attorney should be consulted before any agreement is signed. A franchise sometimes involves signing two agreements, a purchase agreement and the franchise agreement itself. The purchase agreement is a short document simply stating that, subject to a suitable site being found, the franchisee will enter into the contract set out in the franchi se agreement provided, of course, that the franchisee has read and approved the franchise agreement within a reasonable time.(11) Having accepted this condition the franchisee pays the franchisor a deposit which forms part of the initial fee. The search for a suitable site as well as associated research into planning, permitting, viability of the site, etc. can begin. If no suitable site is found, the deposit is usually returned. However, if the franchisee rejects the site or changes his/her mind about the franchise, the deposit is usually forfeited.(12) The franchise agreement is a far more detailed document and covers the following areas: 1. Nature and name of the activity being franchised 2. Franchise territory 3. Term of the franchise agreement 4. Franchise Fees 5. Obligations of the franchisor and franchisee 6. Selling the business 7. Termination of the agreementBibliography: .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .postImageUrl , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:hover , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:visited , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:active { border:0!important; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:active , .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .udffc67648d419d04d2ef84da1ff55c9d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sexual Harassment Essay

Snowflakes free essay sample

Life, associated with nature, likewise takes its course throughout time, and is influenced by the environmental influences that it undergoes. If I could metaphorically compare anything in nature similarly with the life I am living now, I would definitely choose a snowflake, because of its cyclic and indifferent pattern, relating to the experiences that I faced so far in my life. It is also one of the things that I can associate with people all around the world, who through my own eyes, are each unique and one of a kind. I remember back in that November day, when I had gone to Chicago with my grandmother in hopes of finding a new path to a brighter future in America, but at the same time, saying my last goodbyes to the people that brought me up as a child and cared for me when my mother was away. It was the first time I have met my mother in a long time and had witnessed snow, a moment which I could cherish and relive forever. We will write a custom essay sample on Snowflakes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since then, I have always loved snow, and not a day passes by that I would smile just at the sight of seeing the snow covered streets, and people frolicking and making use of their free time playing with family or friends. The only regret I had was that most of my loved ones couldn’t share these special occasions with me together. Thankfully, I was surrounded by people that helped me get through the struggles I had in communication and by their encouragement, I overcame anxiety and shyness as my confidence grew stronger each day. As a boy growing up without a father figure to fall upon during times when my mother was busy coping to find a decent job she would come to enjoy, it was frequently hard to deal with many things correlating with my schoolwork. Often I’d get stressed out and become too worried of what I should do to ease the pains I faced in times of hardship. Even though it was difficult to confront, it was what built up my courage to carry on the hopes and dr eams I was willing to surpass. At the time my mom decided to live in New York, where we were lucky to have some family, whom all greeted and welcomed us with open arms. Again, a day could not have been anymore perfect, as I gazed at each snowflake glistening in the parting rays of the sun. Wherever I went, I felt that I have met different people who have positively affected me, as I am directed on a path to an even brighter future, just as snowflakes each pass by one another, falling to wherever they are lead by the wind. From then on, I started to profoundly believe in myself and became ready in doing anything I put my mindset onto. Learning to never give up and do the best you can do are by far some of my many favorite morals given to me by the people I am thankful for all throughout my life. United and limitless as snow, I can always count on family and friends to help me even in the hardest of times, into a life I am proud to live.

Important Job Skills You’ll Need to Succeed in Your Career

Important Job Skills You’ll Need to Succeed in Your Career You probably have a pretty good handle on the hard skills you’re going to need to get your first job in your career. That much is usually listed on the job posting itself: a bunch of relevant skills and experience for  the work you’ll be doing, plus a handful of more general people skills or organizational talents, etc. What you’re probably less familiar with is the set of skills you’ll need to hone at later stages in your career. Though you’ll be hired on the strength of your hard skills and continually evaluated on them at the junior level, their importance will start to diminish as you progress. There will be a shift to an evaluation of your soft skills around the mid-career mark. Eventually, your promotions to the senior level and beyond will rely almost entirely on soft skills.Such as? Well: likeability, the ability to get things done, and leadership. If you want to go as far as you can in your career, you’ll need to start developing t hese skills early, so you can rely on them when the time is right.What are Soft Skills?Stuck on what your soft skills might entail? Here’s a primer.LEADERSHIPMentoring team members and junior associatesVolunteering to lead tough projects and picking up extra slackParticipating in your industry outside your companyBeing proactive about going above and beyond what is asked of youLIKEABILITYBuilding a reputation as a competent and caring team leader, collaborator, and mentorBuilding strong relationships with your manager and your coworkersMaking sure your efforts and successes are visible to everyone in your office, not just your bossABILITY TO GET THINGS DONEWorking independentlySelf-startingCollaborating with coworkers (and resolving conflicts that might come up)Meeting your deadlines no matter what the internal and external pressures might beHere are three steps toward growing these skills.Take  an honest look at your work personalityA little self-assessment will go a long way. Look at your habits, your strengths and weaknesses, your workplace demeanor and routines. Figure out where you need to grow and prioritize the most important areas to work on.Talk to your managerOnce you have a good handle on where you are, take it to your manager to see where your needs overlap, and where her priorities for your development and performance might differ from your assessment. Get on the same page. And get specific on what you’re being evaluated on at each level of your progress.Be proactive and seek out opportunitiesWithout sacrificing any of your hard skills (or the continued development of your technical arsenal of tools), start figuring out how your current job and position can equip you to advance. Look for collaborative and leadership opportunities. Take on extra responsibilities. Ask your boss what she needs the most and give that to her precisely.As soon as you can start building these skills- in addition to the ones that got you the job in the fir st place- you’ll be well on your way to proving worthy of promotion after promotion.

An Idea for a Novel Functional Food Product Essay

An Idea for a Novel Functional Food Product - Essay Example This essay demonstrates that the core strategy for cost effective value at the ginseng ice cream store involves labeling: labeling could be effectively linked to promotion using interest venues. For example, at the retailer level, services and products could be offered in promotional campaigns and distributed at select pubs, theme parks, and restaurants popular with the target market demographic. Another important and potentially cost-saving distribution channel for this market could be the vending-machine. The company could work with new technology that is developing in this area. Promotion could continue through this venue, and also in the above-mentioned restaurant and pub introductions, as well as traditional avenues of print and television media. In terms of promotion through labeling, as mentioned, the consumer or child of the busy mom is the target. Many believe that ginseng promotes health and relaxation, and eases stress. However, it is not regulated or mandated a s a drug, and is mostly available as a herbal supplement and cooking ingredient. â€Å"Ginseng has not been evaluated by the government for safety, effectiveness, or purity. All potential risks and/or advantages of ginseng wort may not be known. Additionally, there are no regulated manufacturing standards in place for these compounds†. There is no clear evident study that shows ginseng can do harm to people in either target market category, so the promotion seems to be ethical. More scientific evidence is needed when it comes to not regulate herbs and supplements.

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Constitutional Law - Essay Example In this case, The Supreme court ruled that the search was constitutional since the object of the search was the probable existence of contraband in the vehicle. The major dissenting argument to this case came from the Robbins v. California (453 U.S. 420) case since an earlier court had ruled that searching contents of a bag within a vehicle was unconstitutional. Moreover, another judge argued that probable cause should not be determined by the police officer searching the vehicle but by an impartial judge or magistrate (Gardner, 2009). The judge cited the facts as seen in the Johnson v. United States, Giordenello v. United States and Shadwick v. City of Tampa 407 U.S. 345 cases. The US v Ross case is different from the California v Acevedo case of 1991 since in this case the police suspected that Acevedo was carrying a bag that contained Marijuana out of an apartment. In court, the defendant’s lawyers argued that the automobile exception did not apply to the contents of the bag and wanted the evidence expunged from the case. Justice Harry Blackmun ruled that the Marijuana could be adduced as evidence in the case since the police had probable cause to suspect the bag contained contraband. However, Justices White, Stevens, and Marshall dissented arguing that the police only suspected that the bag contained Marijuana and thus the object of the case was not met (Gardner, 2009). Their argument was based on the facts obtained from the Robbins v. California (453 U.S. 420) case where searching a bag was unconstitutional since it doe met the objective of the search which is probable cause of suspecting contraband in an automobile. The case of Wyoming v. Houghton was based on the search of a bag belonging to a passenger when a police officer stopped a vehicle driven by a drug user. In this case, the officer had the right to conduct a warrantless search based on the probable cause that the vehicle contained contraband. The court based in Wyoming

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Community Colleg

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Community Colleg This chapter presents the results of the study. Included are an analysis of the five research questions and the six hypotheses of the study. This chapter concludes with a summary of the information presented in this chapter concerning the quantitative statistical findings of this study. As previously indicated, job satisfaction is a term that is difficult to describe as a single construct, and the definition of job satisfaction varies between studies (Morice Murray, 2003; Protheroe, Lewis Paik, 2002; and Singer, 1995). In higher education, a number of researchers have discussed the importance of continuous research on job satisfaction among community college faculty (Bright, 2002; Green, 2000; McBride, Munday, Tunnell, 1992; Milosheff, 1990; Hutton Jobe, 1985; and Benoit Smith 1980). A reason suggested for the continuous study of community college faculty, is the value of data received from such studies in developing and improving community college faculty and their practices (Truell, Price, Joyner, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty in regards to their role as teachers. Analysis of Research Questions Research question one sort to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (gender, age, and race/ethnicity). Sociodemographic Characteristics Gender There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 188 were male and 183 were female. In regards to gender, the analysis showed that 51% of the sample size included males and 49% of the sample size were female. Table 1 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to gender of community college faculty. Table 1. Gender Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Gender Percent Frequency Male 51% 188 Female 49% 183 Total 100% 371 Age The sample size consisted of 371 participants. For age, the analysis displayed that 16% of the faculty were both under 30 and between ages 30 and 34 while17% were between ages 35 and 39. 15% of community college instructional faculty were between 40 and 44, while 14% were in the age range of 45 to 50. The last age range consisted of participants who were 50 or over, which was 21%. Even though the largest percentage of faculty members are 50 or over, faculty members who are 34 or under total 32% which indicates that the majority of faculty are under the age of 34. Table 2 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the variable of age of community college faculty. Table 2. Age Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Age Percent Frequency Under 30 16% 60 30-34 16% 60 35-39 17% 65 40-44 15% 57 45-49 14% 51 50 and over 21% 79 Total 100% 371 Race and Ethnicity The sample size consisted of 371 participants. The variable race/ethnicity showed that 83% of the participants were White, Non-Hispanic; 7% were Black, Non-Hispanics; 3% were Asian, Non-Hispanics; 1% were both American Indian, Non-Hispanics and Pacific Islanders Non-Hispanics; 2% were More than one race, Non-Hispanic; and 5% were Hispanics. Over 80% of the participants (308) were White, Non-Hispanic. Table 3 identifies the frequencies and percentages for the variable of race/ethnicity. Table 3. Race/Ethnicity of Community College Instructional Faculty Race/Ethnicity Percent Frequency White, Non-Hispanic 83% 308 Black, Non-Hispanic 7% 25 Asian, Non-Hispanic 3% 11 American Indian, Non-Hispanic 1% 1 Pacific Islanders, Non-Hispanic 1% 1 More than one race, Non-Hispanic 2% 7 Hispanics 5% 18 Total 100% 371 Research question two sort to describe the nature of employment characteristics of community college instructional faculty. This research question included three variables (rank, employment status, and tenure status). Nature of Employment Characteristics Employment Status There were 371 participants in the sample, of which 126 were employed full time and 245 were employed part time. In regards to employment status, the analysis showed that 34% of the sample size was employed full time and 66% of the sample size were employed part time. Table 4 identifies the frequency and percentage results as it relates to employment status of community college faculty. Table 4. Employment Status Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Employment Status Percent Frequency Full time 34% 126 Part time 66% 245 Total 100% 371 Rank The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to rank, the analysis displayed that 9% of the sample size was identified as professors. Associate professors were identified at 5% of the sample size while Assistant professors were identified at 4%. Instructors were identified as 45% of the participants and lecturers were identified at 2%. Faculty with other titles were identified at 30% and 5% of the participants answered the question as not applicable. More than 40% of the participants (167) were identified as instructors. Table 5 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the ranking of community college faculty. Table 5. Rank Distribution of Community College Instructional Faculty Rank Percent Frequency Professor 9% 30 Associate professor 5% 19 Assistant professor 4% 15 Instructor 45% 167 Lecturer 2% 7 Other titles 30% 111 Not applicable 5% 22 Total 100% 371 Tenure Status The sample size consisted of 371 participants. In regards to tenure status, the analysis showed that 18% of the faculty were tenured; 6% of faculty were on a tenure track, but are not tenured; and 76% of faculty are not on a tenure track. More than 70% of the participants (282) were identified as faculty not on a tenure track. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the tenure status of community college faculty. Table 6. Tenure Status of Community College Instructional Faculty Tenure Status Percent Frequency Tenured 18% 67 On tenure track, but not tenured 6% 22 Not on tenure track 76% 282 Total 100% 371 Job Satisfaction of Community College Instructional Faculty Research question three was designed to describe the job satisfaction of community college instructional faculty based on the eight components (Authority to make decisions; Benefits; Equipment/facilities; Instructional support; Overall; Salary; Technology-based activities; and Workload) of job satisfaction from the National Study of Postsecondary Faculty Survey NSOPF: 04. The sample size consisted of 366 participants. In regards to job satisfaction, the analysis showed that 73% of the faculty were very satisfied with authority to make decision; 34% of faculty were somewhat satisfied with benefits; 44% of faculty were very satisfied with equipment and facilities; 40% were somewhat satisfied with instructional support; 55% were very satisfied with overall job satisfaction; 42% were somewhat satisfied with salary; 53% were very satisfied with technology-based activities; and 50% of faculty were very satisfied with workload. Table 6 identifies the frequency and percentage results as they relate to the job satisfaction of community college faculty. Table 7. Job Satisfaction of Community College Instructional Faculty Satisfaction Percent Frequency Authority to Make Decisions Very satisfied 73% 268 Somewhat satisfied 22% 81 Somewhat dissatisfied 4% 14 Very dissatisfied 1% 4 Total 100 366 Benefits Very satisfied 27% 106 Somewhat satisfied 34% 127 Somewhat dissatisfied 19% 70 Very dissatisfied 18% 67 Total 100 371 Equipment/facilities Very satisfied 44% 161 Somewhat satisfied 38% 140 Somewhat dissatisfied 14% 51 Very dissatisfied 4% 15 Total 100 366 Instructional support Very satisfied 37% 134 Somewhat satisfied 40% 147 Somewhat dissatisfied 17% 62 Very dissatisfied 6% 23 Total 100 366 Job overall Very satisfied 55% 203 Somewhat satisfied 38% 141 Somewhat dissatisfied 6% 22 Very dissatisfied 1% 5 Total 100 371 Salary Very satisfied 29% 106 Somewhat satisfied 42% 157 Somewhat dissatisfied 18% 67 Very dissatisfied 11% 41 Total 100 371 Technology-based activities Very satisfied 53% 195 Somewhat satisfied 35% 129 Somewhat dissatisfied 9% 32 Very dissatisfied 3% 10 Total 100 366 Workload Very satisfied 50% 187 Somewhat satisfied 34% 127 Somewhat dissatisfied 11% 41 Very dissatisfied 4% 17 Total 100 371 Predictive Relationship between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Nature of Employment Characteristics and Job Satisfaction Research questions four and five examined the predictive relationship between gender, nature of employment, (rank, employment s

Economic Report

In economics, we need to use terms a little more carefully than they are sometimes used in ordinary discussions. In general use, â€Å"Demand† is a word that can have more than one meaning, but in microeconomics we define it more carefully so that it has only one meaning. Here is the definition: Definition: Demand Demand is the relationship between price and quantity demanded for a particular good and service in particular circumstances. For each price the demand relationship tells the quantity the buyers want to buy at that corresponding price. The quantity the buyers want to buy at a particular price is called the Quantity Demanded. The key point is to distinguish between demand (the relationship) and quantity demanded. That distinction is important for microeconomics, although people often do not make it in ordinary discussion. Demand and Need To keep it simple, we may think of the buyers as consumers. (Later we will look at markets for inputs to production, in which the buyers are producers of other goods and services). Clearly, the buyers are the people who want or need the product or service — but there is more to it than that. The word â€Å"demand† refers to the willingness and ability of people to purchase the good or service in the market. The demand relationship expresses that willingness and ability for the whole range of prices. To say that a person has a demand for a particular product is to say that the person has money with which to buy and is willing to exchange the money for the good. People will not demand what they do not want or need, but a want or a need unbacked by purchasing power is not a demand. Similarly, it is not enough that the suppliers possess the good or (the capacity to perform) the service. Supply also means willingness to sell. Most of us have experience living in the market economic system, and that makes economics seem like a common-sense field — but sometimes that common-sense feel can be deceptive. People sometimes use the term â€Å"demand† ambiguously — as if â€Å"demand† were the same thing as need. But it is not. Need without purchasing power will not create effective demand in the marketplace. Economists sometimes stress this point by using the term â€Å"effective demand† in place of simple â€Å"demand.† As we have seen, economists think of the demand for a good or service as a relationship between the price of the good or service and the quantity demanded of that good or service. Common sense says that the relationship is an inverse one; that is, that an increase in price will result in a decrease in the quantity demanded. In this, common sense is absolutely right. The higher the price, the less quantity demanded, and conversely, the lower the price, the more quantity demanded. Many economics textbooks use examples based on hypothetical (made-up) numbers. There is nothing wrong with that and we shall use some of them later on. But why not use a real example? Several years ago, the author estimated the demand relationship for beer. Here is an example based on that estimate. The prices quoted are wholesale prices, in cents of 1972 purchasing power. Quantity demanded is measured in millions of gallons, for the United States as a whole.

What is Sociology?

We as human beings have always been curious about the sources of our own behaviour. Attempts to understand this relied on ways of thinking that were passed down from generation to generation. These ideas were often expressed in religious terms or drew from well-known myths, superstition and traditional beliefs. The objective and systematic study of human behaviour and society is a recent development dating from the 1700’s. A key development was the use of science to understand the world and this approach brought about a radical change in outlook and understanding.Just like physics, biology, chemistry and other disciplines, sociology emerged as part of this important intellectual process. The origins of sociology were the series of sweeping changes ushered in by the ‘two great revolutions’ of the 18th and 19th century Europe. These events transformed the way of life humans had maintained for thousands of years. The French Revolution, 1789 marked the ideas and value s, such as liberty and equality, over traditional social order.This was the Industrial Revolution, the broad spectrum of social and economic transformation that surrounded the development of new technical innovation. This caused an influx of migrants causing a rapid expansion of urban areas, forming new social relationships dramatically changing the face of the social world. There were a few individuals who contributed to early sociological thinking; one in particular was a French author, Auguste Comte (1798-1857) who actually coined the word ‘sociology’.He argued that sociology can and should study society and social phenomena following the patterns and procedures of natural sciences. Another contributor was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) and he had a more lasting impact on modern sociology than that of Comte. Some regard Durkheim as the first sociologist to apply statistical methods to the study of social phenomena. Throughout his career, Durkheim was primarily concerned with how society would maintain integrity and coherence in the modern era, when things like religion could no longer be assumed.His book Suicide (1897) is a very well-known piece of literature. These sociologist developed ideas into how we could study humans and the world in which we live. Sociology is seen as being the study of human social behaviour and its origins, development, organizations and institutions. It is a social science which uses various methods of investigation and is to develop a body of knowledge about human social actions, social structures and functions. The traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, law and deviance.With all aspects of human activity it is affected by interplay between social structure and individual agency, which means sociology, has gradually expanded its focus to further subjects such as health, internet and political economy. There are two non-sociological explanations of human b ehaviour, naturalistic and individual explanations. The naturalistic approach suggest that humans behave as a product of inherited disposition; programmed by nature, e. g. / race, motherhood, gender (etc.)We take for granted that all women are maternal and want to become mothers and be just like their own mothers but this is not always the case. The individual approach is on that sees human behaviour as a result of psychological make-up of the individual person, eg/ people who commit suicide have their own personal reason for doing so. This persons suicide may not solely be a personal choice but may have other social factors associated like religion. This is what sociology is all about, challenging the unknown and looking at things from a different perspective, â€Å"Sociology defamiliarises the familiar† (Z.Baumen 1990 Thinking Sociologically p15)Sociologist look at these behaviours from all different perspectives and challenges what we believe to common sense theories. To m ake sense of human reality sociology attempts to make sense of the human condition through analysing the manifold webs of human interdependency as opposed to the naturalistic or individualistic approach. It disturbs the comforting quiet way of life by questioning what we usually take for granted. â€Å"It can be said that the first wisdom of sociology is this: things are not what they seem† (P Berger 1963 Invitation to Sociology p34)To gather information we use sociological methods called quantative and qualitative data. Quantative data is presented in the form of numbers and statistics; macro-sociological perspective. This helps to go beyond personal impressions and opinions and is done in the form of social surveys, questionnaires and structured interviews, e. g. / The Kinsey report on the sexuality of Americans (1948-1953) Qualitative data however is to tell us why and methods used are usually interviewing people to build up an understanding of a respondents point of view rather than a generalized opinion on their behaviour.There is also participant observation and this is observing someone in their own environment and learning what life is like for them, e. g. / The Paulo Case. â€Å"Sociology deals with a factually observable subject matter, depends upon empirical research, and involves attempts to formulate theories and generalizations that will make sense of facts† (Giddens Scope of Sociology p6) The use of concepts are needed to describe things accurately and precisely and to describe and address abstract and immaterial social phenomena such as individualism, social class and globalization, etc.As you can see from this essay sociology is a very important study and without it we wouldn’t question human behaviours or the society surrounding us. It helps us to gain a better insight into who we are and why we are the way we are and how others can have an effect on each and every one of us.

Restorative Justice And Restorative Prisons - 1852 Words

Restorative justice ways are a very controversial topic. Many people have different opinions about whether restorative justice is a good idea or not. Restorative prisons are a part of restorative justice and they can positively impact many people who were involved in some way of the crime or not. One way of restorative prisons are very effective and beneficial is because it gives the perpetrator more of an option on rebuilding their life after. It also helps the perpetrator see the good in themselves as well as others see the good in this perpetrator. Restorative prisons don’t just give the perpetrator freedom right away they have to go through a process to prove that they want to be a better person so they are not just receiving freedom†¦show more content†¦This is because in the restorative prisons they had to help out around the prison and actually do things versus other prisons where they just sit in a cell all day. There was a 19 year old who was driving a stolen car and lost control. When he lost control he killed four people and was sentenced for 47 years in jail. This offender didn’t have a good example to follow while he was growing up. His dad abended him when he was young and was left to be raised by him mom who was an extreme alcoholic (Pope 2011). This is an example the restorative prisons would really help someone who never got proper information growing up on how to behave and things he can do and things he can’t. The restorative prisons would help someone like him by not locking him up for a number of years. This helps the perpetrator because they have more opportunities while in the restorative prison that will help them once they can leave. At the restorative prisons everyone helps out around the building including the perpetrators and that can help them feel better about themselves because they are doing something useful. Also at these prisons the perpetrators are allowed to leave for work as long as they are bac k by a certain time which also give them more opportunities to make their life better. Some of these prisons also offer training for the perpetrators so they are exposed to more options. Restorative justice ways look intoShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice For The Prisons1378 Words   |  6 Pagesgot released from the prisons? And how many effective programs can be helpful for them?Many posts-release prisoners have experienced recidivism and social stigmas due to lack of programs. In fact, restorative justice for people in prison has played a big role in our correctional systems in many different ways.Restorative justice in prison shapes our prisoner s morals and abilities by providing a suitable technique. 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Restorative justice alone is definitely not a method of justice which we can adopt but it may be possible that this form of justice can help if itRead MoreThe Justice That Restores And Other Terms Within The Revised Statement Of Faith Essay1406 Words   |  6 PagesBackground: This memo is in response to Prison Fellowship’s Board of Directors request to define what is meant by references to â€Å"justice that restores† and other terms within the revised statement of faith. Defining references within the Prison Fellowship Statement of Faith: First, the statement of faith explains, â€Å"Our mission is to help restore those affected by crime and incarceration. This mission is founded on the Biblical conviction that all people are created in God’s image and that noRead MoreImportance of Restorative Justice in the Entire Justice Process1049 Words   |  4 PagesImportance of Restorative Justice in the Entire Justice Process Every judicial organization has a duty to deliver justice to the affected victims. This happens in many ways that include jailing the offenders for life, compensation of the victims and now the restoration of the victim and the offender. In restorative justice, the offenders must accept the accountability of all what he did to the victim (power point notes). In addition to the accountability, the offenders are responsible for the sameRead MoreRestorative Justice in South Africa - Can It work?1342 Words   |  6 Pagescorruption prisons are overflowing and imprisonment often creates more hardened criminals, rather than creating rehabilitated persons. 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